MODERN TECHNOLOGIES USED IN MINES SURVEYING

Today’s technology is changing the face of surveying. The goal of any survey is still categorized into two specific areas: collecting spatial data and positioning spatial data. With all this progress, the huge influx of data as well as these new technologies represents a particular challenge for the working methods and equipment used today. The use of laser scanning and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that create this data, together with software solutions that maintain, display, analyze and manage large amounts of spatially located digital data are necessary. Because spatially located digital data provides a different level of visibility to a business, it becomes highly sought after for a wide variety of users within a mining enterprise. The ability to efficiently manage, maintain, and disseminate this spatial data to the right people at the right time will be critical to the success of an enterprise

REMOTE SENSING APPLIED IN MINING SECTOR

We will discuss in this paper about how remote sensing methods are used in mining domains, doing reference at minerals, geology, soil, topography, land cover and vegetation, water and groundwater and mine contamination. There are a lot of methods used for exploration are airborne and ground based geophysical methods, such as magnetic, electromagnetic, gravity, radiometric and seismic investigations to map the subsurface geology; multispectral and hyperspectral airborne and satellite remote sensing can provide valuable information about the surface mineralogy and geology. Detailed knowledge of the surface topography or the change in surface topography is important in several aspects of the mining sector. Mapping and monitoring of vegetation around mine sites is important in all phases of mining, from mine planning to mine closure and rehabilitation. Vegetation maps are often required. Knowledge of surface and ground water pathways is also important in and around mining areas. Ground water can to some extent be mapped with optical remote sensing techniques. A common type of contamination caused by mining is acid rock drainag

Technical Efficiency of the Subsurface Drainage on Agricultural Lands in the Moldova River Meadow

This study aims to investigate the technical efficiency of different subsurface drainage variants, in terms of the depth of the tile drains, spacing between the drain lines, type and thickness of the drain + filter complex, and the improvement procedures. Within the four variants, the discharge rate of the soil moisture excess was studied. In variants A and D, the spacing between drains is 20 m, and in the variants B and E, the spacing is 15 m. The depth of the tile drains is 0.8 m in variants D and E and 1.0 m in variants A and B. In variant A, tile drainage was combined with land shaping in the bedding system with top of ridges and furrows. Soil moisture was determined on checkpoints placed on drain cross section, at 2 m from drain lines, and of the middle of the drain spacing. In the version with land shaping, the drain lines located under the furrows favor the excess moisture removal. A similar technical efficiency was recorded in unimproved variant but with spacing between drains of 15 m. Best efficiency at removing excess water was registered in variant of the filtering material from ballast associated with flax strains

Estimation Techniques for State of Charge in Battery Management Systems on Board of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Implemented in a Real-Time MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment

The battery state-of-charge estimation is essential in automotive industry for a successful marketing of both electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Furthermore, the state-of-charge of a battery is a critical condition parameter for battery management system. In this research work we share from the experience accumulated in control systems applications field some preliminary results, especially in modeling and state estimation techniques, very useful for state-of-charge estimation of the rechargeable batteries with different chemistries. We investigate the design and the effectiveness of three nonlinear state-of-charge estimators implemented in a real-time MATLAB environment for a particular Li-Ion battery, such as an Unscented Kalman Filter, Particle filter, and a nonlinear observer. Finally, the target to be accomplished is to find the most suitable estimator in terms of performance accuracy and robustness

Mining Technological System's Performance Analysis

The mining production systems, both for underground and open pit extraction consist mainly in a string of equipment starting with the winning equipment (shearer loader, in case of underground longwall mining or bucket wheel excavator in case of open pit mining), hauling equipment (armored face conveyor in longwall mining or the on-board belt conveyor in case of excavators), main conveying equipment (belt conveyor in both cases), transfer devices, stock pile or bunker feeding equipment. This system of mainly serially connected elements is characterized by the throughput (overall amount of bulk coal respectively overburden rock produced), which is dependent on the functioning state of each involved equipment, and is strongly affected also by the process inherent variability due to the randomness of the involved processes (e.g. the cutting properties of the rock). In order to model and simulate such production systems, some probabilistic methods are applied arising from the artificial intelligence approach, involving unit operations and equipment, as the overall system as a whole, namely the Monte Carlo simulation, neural networks, fuzzy systems, and the Load Strength Interference methods. The results obtained are convergent and offer the opportunity for further developments of their application in the study of mining production systems

Methods of Rehabilitation of the Power Plant Settling Ponds Paroseni

One of the environmental problems caused by Thermal Power plants in Romania is the waste generated from the combustion of fossil fuels. The ash produced from the combustion process is stored in settling ponds associated to the plants. Paroseni Thermal Plant ash is deposited in tailings ponds of Caprisoara Valley. Upon completion of these tailing ponds, they have to be rehabilitated and reintroduced in the natural cycle. In this paper we present some natural methods of rehabilitation of tailing pounds and reintroduction of them in natural circuit by re-cultivation

Residual Lifetime of Lifting Instalation Established by Non-Destructive Methods

The paper present theoretical studies and practical determinations in machines operating in dynamic mode fatigue. After expiry of the normalized lifetime of lifting equipment (overhead cranes, cranes, etc.). arises determination of residual functioning so that under normal safety to function at a normal operating capacity or diminished but not more than 15-20%. For exemplification is considered the investigation of a high gantry crane, MPT 20/5 – 20/4/4 m. In conclusion, after our determinations, the machine can operate with kinematics parameters set initially, but with reduced nominal load of 133 kN, i.e. approx. 13 t, and the lifetime of approx. 7.5 years

Research on the setting of maximum pressure in salt caverns intended for CO2 storage

The caverns are built in the salt massifs, by dissolving the salt at depths from 150 m to 1000÷2000m, and can have a volume between 5000 and 1 000 000 m3. These can provide the storage of large amounts of hydrocarbons, hydrogen or carbon dioxide. Sealing is a fundamental prerequisite for many underground works where it is necessary for the stored product to have minimal leakage. The main factors in the appearance of well leakage are: Fluid pressure distribution, geological environment, well cementing operation and cavern architecture. For a functioning cavern, fracturing the walls is a major risk, which can lead to loss of tightness. Consequently, the pressure of the stored product must be less than the absolute value of the lowest compression effort, even when a margin of safety is being taken. Knowledge of these efforts, their evolution over time and their distribution around the caverns, is the research objective for the authors of this article. For real-scale analysis, a 3D model of finite element analysis was used, using numerical modelling software for geotechnical analysis of rocks